Politics
UDA Fightback: The Fall of Cleophas Wakhungu Malala
Cleophas Wakhungu Malala’s dramatic fall within UDA underscores the volatile nature of Kenyan politics, marked by intense power struggles and shifting alliances. As UDA navigates internal divisions to secure its future, Malala faces the challenge of redefining his political strategy to stay relevant in this dynamic landscape.
By Charles Wachira
In a dramatic twist within Kenya’s United Democratic Alliance (UDA), the rapid rise and sudden fall of Cleophas Wakhungu Malala serves as a vivid example of the intense power struggles that characterise Kenyan politics. Malala, who had quickly ascended the ranks of the ruling party, now finds himself ousted from his influential role, a victim of internal party dynamics and rivalries.
The Rise of Cleophas Wakhungu Malala
Cleophas Malala first entered the national political spotlight in 2017 when he won the Kakamega County Senate seat under the Amani National Congress (ANC) banner. His victory was notable for its timing and context—coming at a time when the opposition was mounting a formidable challenge against the Jubilee administration. Malala’s fiery rhetoric and charismatic leadership made him a prominent figure within the opposition.
However, the shifting political landscape in 2022 saw Malala align himself with Deputy President William Ruto’s UDA party. This move was seen as opportunistic and strategic, as Malala sought to secure his political future in the rapidly changing environment. His decision to ditch the ANC for UDA was rewarded in February 2023, when he was appointed as the Secretary General of UDA, replacing Veronica Maina.
Malala’s appointment was widely interpreted as a move to solidify UDA’s influence in Western Kenya, where he was expected to deliver the Luhya vote. His role as Secretary General placed him at the heart of UDA’s operations, making him one of the most influential figures in the party.
The Power Struggles Within UDA
Malala’s tenure as Secretary General was marked by significant internal challenges. His assertive approach to party leadership and attempts to centralise decision-making created friction within UDA. Reports emerged of his clashes with key party figures, including those within President William Ruto’s inner circle. These tensions were compounded by his perceived closeness to Deputy President Rigathi Gachagua, which led to suspicions that Malala might be positioning himself for even higher office.
By mid-2024, these internal struggles had reached a boiling point. Malala openly accused UDA Chairperson Cecily Mbarire and Majority Leader Kimani Ichung’wah of orchestrating his ouster, ostensibly due to his support for the embattled Deputy President Gachagua. These accusations highlighted the deep divisions within the party and the extent to which internal power dynamics were influencing key decisions.
The Fall: A Calculated Move?
On August 15, 2024, Malala was officially removed from his position as UDA Secretary General, a move that took many by surprise. His replacement, Hassan Omar, the party’s Vice Chairperson, had been serving on an interim basis before his permanent appointment. The lack of fanfare surrounding Malala’s removal stood in stark contrast to the grand announcement of his appointment just a year earlier.
Political analysts believe that Malala’s fall was not merely the result of his performance but was driven by deeper fears among UDA’s leadership. His ambitions and growing influence were seen as a threat by those within the party who were determined to maintain control. A senior UDA official, who preferred to remain anonymous, commented on the situation:
“Malala’s removal was inevitable. In UDA, loyalty to the top leadership is paramount, and Malala’s growing closeness to Gachagua made him a liability. The party could not afford to have a potential rival gaining too much power.”
The Political Repercussions
Malala’s ouster has significant implications for both UDA and Kenya’s broader political landscape. For UDA, it represents a consolidation of power among a select group closely aligned with President Ruto. The removal sends a clear message to other ambitious politicians within the party: loyalty to the established leadership is non-negotiable.
For Malala, this represents a critical juncture in his political career. Whether he can recover from this setback remains uncertain, but the history of Kenyan politics suggests that he may yet find a path back to relevance. However, without a strong political base or clear platform, his options may be limited.
The Broader Context: A Party in Flux
The fall of Cleophas Malala underscores the challenges facing UDA as it navigates its internal tensions. While the party remains dominant, these divisions could threaten its cohesion, particularly as the 2027 general elections approach. Malala’s removal may also have repercussions in Western Kenya, where his influence was key to UDA’s strategy. His exit could provide an opportunity for the opposition, particularly the Orange Democratic Movement (ODM), to regain ground in the region.
Conclusion
The fall of Cleophas Wakhungu Malala is a potent reminder of the volatility of Kenyan politics. His rise and fall within UDA highlight the intense power struggles and shifting alliances that define the political landscape. As UDA looks to the future, it must address these internal divisions to maintain its hold on power, while Malala must reassess its political strategy to remain relevant in this ever-changing environment.
Keywords–Cleophas Malala UDA ouster: UDA power struggles Kenya: Malala rise and fall: William Ruto UDA leadership: Hassan Omar replaces Malala.
Politics
Ugandans Detained for Insulting Museveni on TikTok
Magistrate Stella Maris Amabilis ordered the detention of two suspects until November 13, 2024, on charges of hate speech and spreading malicious information about the first family and NRM-linked musicians. The pair, who denied the charges, are co-defendants with 19-year-old Julius Tayebwa, already remanded for the same offences. Prosecutors say they posted TikTok content to incite hostility against the first family and government figures.
: Two Ugandans face charges of hate speech after insulting President Museveni, Museveni first wife Lady Janet, and Gen. Muhoozi on TikTok, amid rising concerns over free speech.
Two Ugandans, 21-year-old David Ssengozi, alias Lucky Choice, and 28-year-old Isaiah Ssekagiri, have been remanded in Kigo prison for allegedly insulting President Museveni Kaguta, First Lady Janet Museveni, and their son Gen. Muhoozi Kainerugaba on TikTok.
Ugandans Remanded Over Alleged Insults to First Family on TikTok
Magistrate Stella Maris Amabilis ordered their detention until November 13, 2024, when their case will be heard.
The two are charged with hate speech and spreading malicious information about the first family and musicians linked to the ruling National Resistance Movement (NRM).
The pair, who appeared in court on Monday, denied the charges. They are co-defendants with 19-year-old Julius Tayebwa, who has already been remanded for the same offences.
Prosecutors allege that the trio posted content on TikTok intended to “degrade, demean, and promote hostility” against the first family and government-aligned figures.
Government Faces Criticism for Crackdown on Online Free Speech
This arrest follows a September warning by police spokesperson Rusoke Kituuma, who stated that insulting the president, the “fountain of honour,” is a criminal offence.
Kituuma specifically mentioned Lucky Choice as a subject of ongoing investigations. The content leading to the arrests is not entirely clear, but a TikTok video released in April titled “My First Enemies” is believed to have used explicit language to criticize the first family.
The case comes amid increasing concerns over Uganda’s crackdown on freedom of expression.
In July, a 24-year-old man was sentenced to six years in prison for similar charges after insulting the president on TikTok.
Human rights organisations have long criticised the Ugandan government for restricting online speech, with the US State Department’s 2023 report accusing Uganda of using criminal penalties to stifle internet freedom.
The arrest also follows the 2022 case of Kakwenza Rukirabashaija, an award-winning Ugandan author who was charged with offensive communication after posting critical remarks about the president and his son.
Rukirabashaija fled Uganda for Germany after enduring alleged torture during his month-long detention. Rights groups continue to condemn the government’s actions against free speech and the media.
Politics
Somaliland’s Election: A Key Moment for Democracy & Independence
The election sees President Muse Bihi Abdi’s ruling Kulmiye party facing Abdirahman Mohamed Abdilahi’s opposition Waddani party. Kulmiye touts milestones in Somaliland’s recognition efforts, including ties with Taiwan, while Waddani aims to expand diplomacy across Africa and the Global South. Waddani’s coalition with the KAAH association signals a focus on regional inclusion, especially in Somaliland’s eastern areas affected by unrest.
: Explore Somaliland’s 2024 election and its impact on democracy, regional stability, and the push for global recognition as an independent state.
Election Context and Significance
Somaliland is set to hold a presidential election on November 13, 2024, an event with substantial implications. The election’s results will shape Somaliland’s democratic credibility and impact its longstanding push for formal recognition as an independent state. Thirty-three years after declaring independence from the Somali Union, Somaliland remains unrecognised, struggling with limited access to global financing and aid, which must often come via Mogadishu.
Pursuit of Recognition
Somaliland’s determination for independence was underscored in January 2024 when it reached an agreement with Ethiopia, proposing Ethiopia’s access to the sea in exchange for recognition of Somaliland’s statehood. This pending agreement stirred regional responses, including protests from Somalia, highlighting the sensitivities around Somaliland’s political status.
Political Landscape: Kulmiye vs. Waddani
The election pits the ruling Kulmiye party, led by President Muse Bihi Abdi, against the opposition party, Waddani, led by Abdirahman Mohamed Abdilahi. While Kulmiye has championed milestones in Somaliland’s push for recognition, such as building diplomatic ties with Taiwan and lobbying Western states, Waddani is likely to broaden diplomatic efforts toward African and Global South nations. A recent coalition between Waddani and the KAAH association highlights its focus on regional inclusion, particularly in Somaliland’s eastern regions that have faced unrest.
Regional Implications
A peaceful election would bolster Somaliland’s image as a stable democratic entity and strengthen its case for independence. However, Somaliland’s independence push could escalate regional tensions, as Ethiopia and Somaliland grow wary of Somalia’s alliance with Egypt. While a military confrontation with Mogadishu is unlikely, Somaliland remains sensitive to Somalia’s “one Somalia” policy, which has global backing.
Risks of Instability
Despite the election’s importance, risks persist. The dominance of the Isaaq clan in politics and economics could exacerbate grievances among minority clans, even as Waddani promises greater inclusivity. Additionally, tensions among Isaaq loyalists and potential accusations of electoral fraud could lead to unrest. After the violent postponement of elections in 2022, transparency and clan reconciliation will be essential to maintaining stability.
A Step Forward for Somaliland
While risks remain, Somaliland’s return to the polls is a positive step for its democratic journey and quest for international recognition. Regardless of the election’s outcome, the event signals continued resilience in Somaliland’s push for independence.
Politics
Salva Kiir: Independence Hero to Divisive South Sudan Leader
President Salva Kiir has struggled to develop South Sudan’s oil-reliant economy, with oil revenues making up nearly 98% of the national budget. Despite the Petroleum Management Act of 2011, he has faced allegations of diverting oil income, fueling corruption at multiple government levels and hindering national progress.
: South Sudan’s Salva Kiir led the nation to independence but later faced criticism for fostering division, violence, and corruption amid ongoing civil strife
By Steven C. Roach
Salva Kiir: From Independence Hero to Controversial Leader
Salva Kiir Mayardit has served as South Sudan’s president since the country gained independence in 2011, following a long and bloody civil war with Sudan. Initially, his leadership was marked by optimism, but within two years, this hope unravelled. A rift between Kiir and his vice president, Riek Machar, plunged the country into civil war, displacing four million people and causing an estimated 388,000 deaths.
Civil War and Postponed Elections
The division between Kiir and Machar resulted in violent conflict, and despite attempts to restore peace, the two sides remained at odds. In 2015, unable to reach an agreement, the government postponed elections indefinitely as civil strife continued. A fragile peace agreement was signed in September 2018, which aimed to establish a transitional government and set a roadmap for peace. However, while Machar was reinstated as vice president, much of the agreement remains unimplemented, and little progress has been made toward stability.
Repeated Election Delays: 2026 Awaits
Since 2018, elections have been postponed four times, with the government citing a lack of preparedness each time. Most recently, the elections initially scheduled for 2023 were pushed to 2024, then delayed again to 2026. Some critics argue these delays reflect Kiir’s fears of losing power and facing possible prosecution in a yet-to-be-formed war crimes court. His political manoeuvres have effectively divided the opposition and stifled civil society groups pressing for democratic reform.
Power Struggles and Alleged Corruption
Throughout his presidency, Kiir has faced allegations of leveraging both political and economic power to remain in control. He has been accused of dividing groups like the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement-in-Opposition (SPLM-IO) and the South Sudan Opposition Alliance while repressing civil society. This divisive approach, combined with alleged widespread corruption, has hindered progress, leaving the country without viable political leaders ready to inspire change.
Early Life and Rise to Leadership
Born in 1951, Kiir grew up in a Dinka family in Warrap State and joined the Anyanya, a South Sudanese rebel movement, at 16. In 1983, he joined the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement/Army (SPLM/A) under John Garang, ultimately succeeding Garang as president of Southern Sudan following his death in 2005. Kiir won the 2010 elections, consolidating control of the political system and paving the way for the 2011 independence referendum, which resulted in South Sudan’s secession.
Ethnic Tensions and Military Patronage
As president, Kiir faced the difficult task of unifying and professionalising the army. However, ongoing political infighting had already led some commanders to defect and form their militias. Kiir managed to bring back several of these commanders with cash and official appointments, yet the army remained fractured along ethnic lines. Patronage became a tool for maintaining loyalty, particularly among his Dinka soldiers, instead of dissolving these networks and building a professional military.
Economic Dependency and Missteps
One of Kiir’s greatest challenges has been developing South Sudan’s economy, which depends heavily on oil revenues, accounting for nearly 98% of the national budget. Despite the Petroleum Management Act of 2011, which aimed to manage resources responsibly, Kiir allegedly siphoned off significant oil revenue. This practice fueled corruption at both state and local levels, as government figures sought personal gains over national development.
Inflation and Civil War erupted again in 2013
In 2012, a dispute over oil transport fees led to the temporary shutdown of oil pipelines to Sudan, which sparked a severe economic crisis. Inflation and interest rates surged, adding to tensions and sparking renewed conflict in 2013. This time, the fighting was between government forces and the newly formed Sudan People’s Liberation Movement/Army in Opposition (SPLM-IO), exacerbating South Sudan’s political and social turmoil.
A Legacy of Division and Conflict
Kiir’s presidency, which once symbolised South Sudan’s hope for unity and independence, has become synonymous with division, delayed progress, and corruption. His tactics have deepened ethnic divides and crippled the nation’s economy. Kiir’s future, and that of South Sudan, now hinges on whether he can transcend his reliance on patronage and authoritarian rule to usher in an era of genuine peace, stability, and democracy.
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