Connect with us

Uncategorized

Kenyan Billionaire Once Ranked 41 Richest Black Man in the US Emerges From Retirement

Published

on

“A lot of times, people will start a business without doing research and then wonder why it fails.By research, I mean, if you want to open a restaurant, you have to go talk to people who own restaurants. It’s amazing that we Kenyans are so shy about picking up a phone and going to talk to someone with specific questions. People will tell you how they became successful. “Talk to people and listen to how they did it and you will learn different things,” says David Karangu.

Becoming a dollar millionaire at the age of 30 earned David Karangu a place at the table owned by an illustrious clan of  5.3 million households drawn from the largest economy in the world with a net worth of 1 million U.S. dollars and more.

The year was 1997. The Place: Augusta-Georgia. The number of U.S households passing the one million dollars threshold  –101 million.

Ten years later, after earning his millionaire stripes, Karangu sensationally retired from his daily grind, selling his entire business to revel in his next earthly adventure that includes globetrotting and building luxury homes.

And if you want to appreciate the sacrosanctity of time, coalescing around Karangu, you will appreciate whatCarl Sandburg meant when he commented, “The common man is not concerned about the passage of time, the man of talent is driven by it.”

Karangu manifests a time discipline that plays to a pulse similar to that of a military regiment.

 On a certain day of the week since his arrival back to Kenya last May he meets up with disparate professionals who are involved in some ways in his businesses -with each group seemingly allocated time for engaging. And if one is running late, Karangu is not averse to dialing the digits of a latecomer; politely informing them a meeting has already begun.   

From his telling, he’s currently involved in some real estate projects inMalindi where he has bought some serious acreage of land.

 Understandably, he’s jittery having his story run – for now, for very obvious reasons, he prefers to court anonymity with a vengeance – and if you were expecting to see a current photograph of his – you will have to wait until the cows come home. 

But your correspondent reminds him of the Parable of talents – and assures him that He, who lives in the firmament, is certainly proud of him.

The rest is history.

“ Where most business people make a mistake is when they become too attached to a business,” says Karangu, whose judgment call, influencing him to call it a day at the age of 40 led the Columbia Business School to write a white paper sponsored by the US Government called “The Owner’s Journey,”

The Paper interrogates eight successful entrepreneurs, including Karangu, who nurtured and grew their businesses, then unwittingly wrestled with Cognitive dissonance as they routinely faced a lackadaisical lifestyle that upended the adrenaline-driven modus vivendi that they were so accustomed to.

 It includes first-hand accounts of their experiences shared, lessons learned, and reflections on what they could have done differently.

In the case of Karangu, as the days and nights unraveled, paving the way for a fresh year, another year, and almost another year, he raised the white flag. An unquenchable hankering for the business he first fell in love with when he was 18 years old, namely that of running a car dealership, was seductively strangulating his pulmonary veins.

Undoubtedly saying that Karangu is loaded is an understatement, this man has the chops for minting money and one would be forgiven for wondering if this Kenyan – American ever considered becoming a venture capitalist.

And he badly needed to breathe again.

On July 14, 2010, he purchased the former Steve Rayman Chevrolet South dealership, the biggest in Georgia, attracting unprecedented recognition by both the state government and the business community, and renamed it, Ivory Chevrolet. Then on April 2, 2012, he purchased Sutherlin Mazda, signaling the beginning of a new chapter in the auto industry.

He went on to own a BMW dealership in Columbia, South Carolina, followed by Volkswagen and Subaru dealerships in the same state.

In 2013, Karangu, then 46, became the first African immigrant to make it to the coveted list put out byBlack Enterprise Magazine(BEM).

“As the owner of one of the top-grossing metropolitan Atlanta-based businesses, he joins a small but significant list of iconic African-Americans who shape the economic landscape of this country,” read the magazine’s annual report.

The magazine honors men and women with a proven record of prudent money management and the use of technology in business.

It also highlights companies in which individuals have at least 51 percent of controlling shares, if they are listed in a bourse

“A lot of times, people will start a business without doing research and then wonder why it fails. By research, I mean, if you want to open a restaurant, you have to go talk to people who own restaurants. It’s amazing that we Kenyans are so shy about picking up a phone and going to talk to someone with specific questions. People will tell you how they became successful. “Talk to people and listen to how they did it and you will learn different things,” says Karangu.

Undoubtedly saying that Karangu is loaded is an understatement, this man has the chops for minting money and one would be forgiven for wondering if this Kenyan – American ever considered becoming a venture capitalist.

His thoughts about the proposal are well thought out.

“That’s a good question. What always happens is that people come to me with ideas that I call half-baked. People will come up with ideas without having done their research. For example, if you come to me and say, “We will make a lot of money opening a radio station in Kenya,” I will ask, “What kind of research have you done?”

And then someone will say, “There are a lot of people who listen to radio stations in Kenya,” and the next question I will ask is, “Where is your data?” Where are the numbers? Just like anyone else will ask you. Someone will say, “I don’t have that,” And I will ask, “How do you know the business will be successful?” Someone will say, “I think it will be successful.”

The other request that I usually get is, “I have this idea and I want to do it,” I will then ask, “How much money are you putting in?” And someone will say, “ I am not putting in any money.” Are you still going to keep your day job, I ask? ” ‘ Yes’ what are you risking? Nothing!”

“But if somebody is really committed, for example, if someone asks you to invest half a million dollars and they choose to do it part-time, they will certainly not be successful.” But if you are committed, believe in the idea, and are willing to give up your day job, then this is something I would look into.

But what I find about so many people is that their commitment is not there. If I’m going to do the research, I might as well do the business myself. If you have a concept, I will say to develop the numbers. Numbers don’t lie. “If you are truly committed, other people will believe what you believe, and that is what happened to me.”

In his telling, Karangu says other qualities needed to push one to succeed in business include a liking for people, embracing a circumspect attitude while hiring human capital and possessing money management skills.

As of 2021, an estimated 2% of black households in the U.S., or roughly 340,000 families, had a net worth of over $1 million, according to the economic state of Black America report. In comparison, more than one in every seven White households had surpassed the million-dollar mark.

“Wealth flows through us, not to us,” says J.D. Smith, author of Financial Distancing: How to Economically Quarantine Your Wealth, in an interview with BEM. “We shouldn’t be six feet apart when it comes to building wealth.”

He continues, “We are constantly transferring money from one institution to another.” We go to school and have to take on additional jobs to fund our education and overall living expenses. Money typically goes from our jobs to the education system. And this pattern doesn’t stop after graduation.

When we get into the workforce, money often flows from our jobs to pay hefty mortgages and student debt payments to keep up with the lifestyles of our colleagues. “We need to allocate more money toward investing if we want to build wealth.”

As of 2021, there are roughly 11.8 million millionaires in America, making up roughly 3.5% of the population.

It turns out, the journey to the U.S. for Karangu, once associated with the 26th largest minority-owned car dealership in the U.S according to the BEM- with annual sales hitting over $100 million, is traceable to his father, Dr. Mwangi Karangu, a beneficiary of the Kennedy Airlifts who ended up becoming an egghead at Morgan State University.

“ I got started when I was 17 years old. That is when I relocated back to the US from Kenya. People who knew me then in Baltimore will tell you that I used to walk around saying, “I will be a millionaire bef“ I got started when I was 17 years old. That is when I relocated back to the US from Kenya.

People who knew me then in Baltimore will tell you that I used to walk around saying, “I will be a millionaire before I’m 30 years old.” And they would say. ‘ That Karangu kid is crazy ’.But this is something I badly wanted to become more than anything else. “So, retrospectively,” Karangu, 54, says, “the first personal quality one needs to have in order to achieve success in business or indeed in any other sphere of life is ambition.”

According to Entrepreneur magazine, “Self-belief is the foundation of success.” This is an iron rule. Nobody ever became unreasonably successful without a strong belief in themselves…. Self-belief must ultimately become specific to the field in which you will ultimately triumph.

Belief in your destiny will fizzle and fade without a clear idea of the stage on which your success will be played out. “Nobody reaches a target without defining it and believing, –sometimes naively and to almost universal ridicule – that it is attainable.”

In his telling, Karangu says other qualities needed to succeed in business include a liking for people, embracing a circumspect attitude while hiring human capital, and possessing money management skills.

“You have to know how to hire and keep discipline.” This is one talent you must have. People’s relationships are crucial. For example, how does one deal with their customers? The other area where people fail is managing money.

This is where education and going to college come in. In business, the first thing you learn is that profit and cash are two different things. If you are not managing your money properly and there is a lot of cash tied up in inventory, you can be cash-poor, and this phenomenon affects a lot of people. “Managing money and managing people are the two biggest things that can make or break a sale,” says Karangu, who was born in 1967 in a U.S hospital.

And being disciplined says Karangu is an attendant quality that one requires to be successful in business.

“One requires undivided discipline; I worked every week 70 to 80 hours, not because I had to but because I took my business extremely seriously.” He added, “When it comes to business, I’m very strict; I do not hire people because they are my friends, as I have always protected my reputation and my integrity,” says Karangu.

Back in the United States, he is arguably the only Kenyan progeny to have a calendar day named after him, as evidenced by the Mayor of Augusta, Georgia, declaring July 28, 2005, “the David Karangu Day.”

In addition, the bureaucrat also awarded this entrepreneur, widely thought to have been one of the top ten business operatives in the ancestral home of the Hardest Working Man in Show Business with an Honorary Key to the city.

While the Governor of the State of Georgia appointed Karangu to the board of the second-largest hospital in the State, for a period of three years.

Understandably, these accolades singularly underline Karangu’s unvarnished pedigree as an influential entrepreneur back in the States.

His first job upon completing his undergraduate studies at Morgan State University—with degrees in accounting and marketing – was that of a dishwasher at a large pancake franchise, which he considered tedious.

Initially, he had set his mind on becoming a lawyer, but gradually, his innate intuition directed him to the sales profession.

 “It was something I just sort of fell into,” says Karangu, who, on exiting the pancake franchise, got employed by the Ford Motor Company where he stayed for eight years, ascending through the ranks.

 “I discovered it was something I really enjoyed,” he says.

Soon after learning the ropes, he started dreaming of owning his own dealership and began building a nest egg for that purpose.

After saying goodbye to Ford in 1995, he enrolled at the National Automobile Dealers Association Academy – a prerequisite requirement for all car dealers in the U.S., while also working as a sales manager at a Lincoln dealership in Melbourne, Florida.

Ford Motor Company owns Lincoln Motor Company and acquired the company around 1922; it’s a luxury vehicle division of Ford.

“When I started my business, I really knew this was what I wanted to do.” I did my research and was able to show hard numbers. I left a job that was paying me over $ 120,000 a year to start a business.

The first year I made $40,000. This brings me to another point. You better get married to someone committed to the ups and downs of business. Imagine going from $ 120,000 to $40,000! Or moving from a nice four-bedroom house to an apartment. “These are the sacrifices you have to make when you are getting started,” he says.

For a while, after he completed the course, he had nothing to do but wait for the right opportunity to come along.

But after learning the ropes, he started dreaming of owning his own dealership and started building a nest egg for that purpose.

  The thought of starting his own business didn’t worry him, but the waiting was driving him crazy.

“I had always loved cars since I was a little boy.” “During my stint as an employee, I made up my mind that the automobile industry was going to be part of my future,” he reportedly told the Kenya-based Nation newspaper.

Verifiably his entrepreneurial journey leading to his present-day financial freedom began in  Augusta – Georgia.And it was anything but bliss. For he faced the ubiquitous travails faced by bootstrapper entrepreneurs.

Listen up as Karangu narrates his initial obstacles.

“ Let me walk you through.” I was working for the Ford Motor Company, and I was comfortable doing what I was doing. Then I decided I wanted to go out and do something else for myself. I couldn’t think of anything at the time. But at night, I’d see all these informational commercials on TV about buying houses and becoming a millionaire. Guess what? I bought into this stuff.

I realized that you could get rich this way. The next thing that I did was to identify the business I wanted to engage in. And I identified that I wanted to buy an automobile dealership. And I went to the people in the industry that I knew, and they turned me down. They asked me, “How old are you anyway?”  I said “ 25 years.” And they said, “Get another 15 years before we can take you seriously.”

Then I went to a bank. I will never forget when I went to SunTrust Bank with a nice package prepared, and the guy in the bank did not even open the package. After this, I started reading biographies of rich people. And the one thing that stuck out was partnerships. I had 150 clients. My clients were mainly car dealers.

I thought to myself, “Out of the 150 people, there must be someone out there whom I can partner with.” As I went through my day job, I would ask those I was close to, “What do you think of you and I starting a business together? “ Eventually I ended up with a list of three people. The last person I talked to said to them, “Look at this, give me the capital to get started.”

“I will own 51 % of the business; you do not have to do anything.” I will do all the work, and you will own 49 % he said, “What are you giving up? I will give up my house. “I will give up my 410 K plan.”

Admittedly, Karangu got his big break when a friend in Orlando told him of the opportunity at Fairway Ford, a six-acre lot off Washington Road in the booming bedroom community of Evans.

Mr. Karangu saw potential in the dealership. It was modern looking, in a prime traffic location, and had an upper-income customer base.

He quickly purchased it using his savings and a line of credit through Ford Motor Co., which he used to leverage a bank loan.

According to Wealthy Gorilla, there are conceivably seven sacrifices that entrepreneurs need to make for them to succeed in business and verifiably Karangu ticked on all of the boxes.

Should one be interested in pursuing a business, what advice would Karangu give to, say, a putative entrepreneur?

Says Karangu, “There are so many businesses you can do.” But you have to narrow them down.  And the best thing is always to engage in something that you are familiar with. And a lack of seed capital should not be a hindrance.

“I will normally tell anybody that I started off with no money.” I came to the US just like anybody else. Yes, I was fortunate to have brothers and sisters but none came to me and said ‘ here is a batch of money go and invest in a dealership’. There is no easy career in this world. I started going to business conferences and I started talking to people who were doing what I wanted to do.

And I heard their stories. I was also able to meet people who finance businesses, and I was able to grow that way,” says this alumnus of Nyeri High School who in 2013 was ranked the 41st richest black entrepreneur in the U.S.by BEM.

Then on November 1, 1997, he launched his first dealership – Fairway Ford of Augusta, in Georgia, at age 30, becoming the youngest dealer of the Ford Marquee in the United States, a milestone that led him to bag the  Ebony Magazine 2001 dealer of the year award.

Is there a magic bullet in business?

 Hear him speak: “ If you want to be a doctor, you have to go to school. You have to read and research. A lot of times people will start a business without doing research and then wonder why they failed. By research, I mean, if you want to open a restaurant, you have to go talk to people who own restaurants.

It is amazing that we Kenyans are so shy about picking up the phone and going to talk to someone with specific questions. People will tell you how they became successful. Talk to people and listen to how they did it. And you will learn different things.”

In 2002, aged 35, his Atlanta-based motor dealership company, the Ivory Chevy Auto Group, was ranked among the largest minority-owned enterprises in the U.S., grossing over $100 million in sales annually – an equivalent amount to what today the world’s largest software and programming company – is spending, over the next five years, to open an Africa technology development center with sites in Kenya and Nigeria.

And his appetite for motor vehicle dealerships, it seems, was headed north with each passing year.

Interestingly, while growing up here in the motherland, he intuitively developed a passionate love for the Mercedes Benz brand, believing that cars bearing the three-pointed stars marquee were the world’s ultimate ride.

Coincidentally, on July 1, 2005, Karangu, opened a Mercedes Benz dealership, which became the crown jewel of his new empire. From the word go, it was a shoo-in, setting new records for a Mercedes dealership, as the entrepreneur emerged as one of only five African Americans in history to own one.

After a hiatus of 12 years, meanwhile, the old man and his fledgling family relocated back to Kenya in 1972.

It would also be the first time the younger Karangu would be setting foot in the motherland having been born in 1967 in the U.S.

However, Karangu’s visit to his forbearer’s home ended up being a sojourn.

In 1983, the older Karangu, together with his brood, relocated back to the U.S. upon accepting a job at Morgan State University, with the move arguably prompted by the political uncertainty submerging Kenya at the time.

Tellingly, two unsavory events had taken place in Sub-Saharan Africa’s third-biggest economy back in 1982, including an attempted coup and the abrogation of plural democracy. With the duo acts, in effect, smothering the working of a functional democracy, precipitating a palpable edginess in the national psyche.

Understandably, the times were fraught with trepidation as Kenya, seemingly appeared to be barreling towards an aberration of what the Roman goddess Libertas symbolized in the iconic Statue of Liberty found in the Big Apple.

Arguably, the lecturer’s perception of uncertainty was sufficient reason for him to return to his beloved home.

The Washington Post nicely captured the mood engulfing Kenya at the time, reporting that “Since he came to power in 1978,( President)  Moi has weathered a reported assassination plot, a bloody Air Force coup attempt, a sharp drop in Kenya’s economy, and, by his own recent account, the recognition of “evil-minded people” in his government who are holdovers from( President) Kenyatta’s days in power.”

In addition, the Paper reported that by calling parliamentary elections a year in advance (1983) “in order to clean the system,” Moi has indicated to Kenya’s 7.2 million registered voters that it would serve their local interests to elect members of Parliament closely identified with him and to reject any incumbents who are likely to be “disloyal.”

Generally, the world was also witnessing several seminal events happening in 1983, including the unveiling of the first mobile phone, the U.S invading the Caribbean Island nation of Grenada, and the beginning of a civil war in Zimbabwe. The world was in a capricious mode.

It was also a watershed year for this East African state because it was holding national elections.

 “It turns out, the 1983 elections were called by Moi a year early to dissipate a crisis which had emerged following the naming of Charles Njonjo as a traitor and his dismissal from the cabinet and the (ruling Party KANU) party.

Two reasons led to this decision. First, Moi hoped that the elections would serve a legitimizing function and restore confidence in a severely weakened presidency following the abortive coup of August 1, 1982. Second, the elections were utilized to focus public attention away from the serious economic problems which the country faced,” says Dr. Ahluwalia Davinder Pal Singh, a political scientist.

And for a person whose worldview had disproportionately been shaped by the thinking behind a coterie reverently referred to as an Assembly of Demigods, it was arguable that Dr. Karangu’s fidelity to the second paragraph of the United States Declaration of Independence was sacrosanct.

 Indeed It so happened, the Kenya of the 80s and 90s was predatory, retaliatory, and uncharitable in character, particularly towards adherents of libertarianism but also generally toward that anonymous man on a Kenyan street who dared to believe in the doctrine of all persons having inalienable rights.

Over the years, the younger Karangu has been involved in philanthropic work both in the US and in Kenya earning him for example the local state award of Moran of the Burning Spear (MBS) in 2012.

What does Karangu think of his storied entrepreneurial journey?

“At that time, for the last 10 years, we had made a lot of money before I decided I wanted to do something on my own.” That’s when I went and bought the dealerships. Right now, banks approach me and ask if I want money, and I tell them no, recalling the times when no one would speak to me.

But it is because I did not have a proven record then. But all I will tell you is that a strong idea always prevails, even in situations where money is lacking. In my case, the idea was more powerful. Think about it—even in Kenya, when someone gets started, who gives them money?”

Maya Angelou would also echo this truism, saying, “You can only become truly accomplished at something you love.” Don’t make money your goal. Instead, pursue the things you love doing, and then do them so well that people can’t take their eyes off of you.”

Karangu put in the hours, working 12 hours a day, six days a week, meaning, the guy did not have time for a social life which leads one to ask the question of whether hard work alone is the panacea leading to business success.

“A good plan comes first.” The love of what you are doing is secondary; you would do it for fun. “Hard work follows along with a little luck,” he says.

Karangu, without a doubt, is the person who became a Croesus through sheer personal grit and self-belief. As a millionaire, his advice is indeed worth heeding.

His parting shot is, “Read about other successful people and surround yourself with positive people.”

 

 

 

 

 

Continue Reading
Click to comment

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Uncategorized

Hello world!

Published

on

By

Welcome to WordPress. This is your first post. Edit or delete it, then start writing!

Continue Reading

Uncategorized

Equity Bank Plan Sh7.6b Staff Share Reward Scheme

Published

on

By

Equity Group has announced the revival of its employee share ownership plan (Esop) in an effort to retain and attract talented staff. The bank plans to distribute 198.6 million shares, valued at Sh7.6 billion, to employees over the next 10 years. This comes after a previous attempt four years ago to implement a similar plan, which was abandoned just before the allotment of 205.7 million shares in 2019.

Equity Group’s board has proposed the creation of additional shares to support the Esop and will seek shareholder approval during the upcoming annual general meeting on June 28.

The newly created shares will amount to five percent of the company’s share capital, raising the maximum share capital from Sh1.886 billion to Sh1.986 billion. The directors will have the flexibility to issue the additional shares in tranches and based on terms and conditions they deem appropriate.

Notably, the Group’s CEO, James Mwangi, is among the employees expected to benefit from the share allotment. The previous Esop plan in 2019, which was withdrawn during the AGM, would have allocated 205.7 million shares worth Sh8.4 billion to bank staff.

This new Esop will be the second of its kind for Equity Group, as the bank initially established a stock-based compensation scheme before its listing on the Nairobi Securities Exchange in 2006. Esops are employee benefit plans that provide ownership interest in the company through shares. They are designed to enhance staff productivity, reward employees, and attract and retain talent. The approval of the Capital Markets Authority (CMA) is required for the implementation of Esops. According to the CMA, as of March 2021, it had approved 14 Esops.

Continue Reading

Uncategorized

Fish kills leave Kenya’s Lake Victoria farmers at a loss, seeking answers

Published

on

By

  • According to a Kenyan government report, fish farmers in sections of Lake Victoria lost more than 900 million Kenyan shillings ($7.2 million) in massive fish kills in November 2022.
  • Scientists attribute the fish kills to reduced levels of dissolved oxygen likely due to a natural phenomenon called upwelling, which can be exacerbated by climate change and extreme weather.
  • Local farmers who lost their fish, however, attribute the die-offs to pollution from Lake Victoria industries, which agencies have accused of discharging untreated effluent into the lake in recent years.

KISUMU, Kenya — It is a little past 5 p.m. at the lakeside city of Kisumu, in the western part of Kenya. An hour later, the sun sets over the sprawling Lake Victoria as far as the eye can see. Wisps of gray clouds are infused with the sun’s amber rays, which reflect off the lake in a bedazzling shimmer. The scene is captivating, but a faint stench lingers in the air. That stench, to many cage fish farmers, is a painful reminder of the extensive losses they suffered in November 2022 due to fish kills.

A report commissioned by Kenya’s State Department for Fisheries, Aquaculture and the Blue Economy estimates that cage farmers in different sections of Lake Victoria, particularly Kisumu and Homa Bay towns, lost more than 900 million shillings ($7.2 million) to fish kills in 2022. While the scientists Mongabay speaks to attribute the fish kills to a combination of natural phenomena and climate change, the fish farmers are wary of those explanations, saying the deaths could be a result of pollution.

Fish farmers in Lake Victoria mainly stock tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), which, according to scientists, are preferred due to their fast growth, resistance to disease and ability to withstand low dissolved oxygen levels. Tilapia and Nile perch (Lates niloticus) are the two most abundant fish species in the lake, and tilapia is more profitable in the local market.

Two of the fish farms, Kentila Farms and Lake Aqua Limited, suffered the greatest losses: 200.4 million shillings ($1.6 million) and 138 million shillings ($1.1 million), respectively, according to the government report. Although the fish kills happened in November, the memories of the losses are still fresh in people’s minds months later.

At Ogal Beach, the section of the lake where farmers were worst hit, there is a flurry of activity as fishers return from early morning fishing expeditions. They are gradually easing back into their routines. It is not until you engage the fishers that you begin to understand the hurt some of them bear beneath the apparent normalcy.

“I do not want to talk to the media anymore. … Nothing comes out of it! It is like opening an old wound that I would rather forget,” says Jacob Okomo, a fish farmer at Ogal Beach who deals in tilapia. It is unclear how much loss he suffered, since he does not talk about what happened.

Shalton Omolo's boat, rowing it is Shalton's assistant.Shalton Omolo’s assistant rowing Omolo’s boat. Most fish farmers in Kisumu use similar boats. Image by Calvin Rock Odhiambo for Mongabay.

Low levels of dissolved oxygen can kill fish

Many of the fish farmers lost their fish to massive die-offs usually attributed to reduced levels of dissolved oxygen (DO) in water — a phenomenon that commonly results in what is referred to as fish kills.

According to a review article published in the journal Fisheries Management and Ecology, Lake Victoria fish kills in recent years have been attributed to reduced dissolved oxygen content in the water. The article, which references incidents in 2016 at two other beaches on the lake — Anyanga and Nyenye-Got — notes a number of reasons for reduction in oxygen levels, including poor water circulation in the cages due to algae and feed residues as well as possible upwelling around the cages.

“Upwelling [occurs] when the water at the bottom [of the lake] rises, and the water at the bottom of the lake or sea is usually low in oxygen,” says Chrispine Nyamweya, a researcher at the Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute (KMFRI). Nyamweya, who specializes in limnology (the study of inland aquatic ecosystems), explains that processes like decomposition, which uses oxygen, cause deficiency in the bottom column of water, which rises to the top during upwelling.

“When there is wind action or changes in water temperature, which changes the densities, water from the bottom rises up to the surface in the process … killing fish because of suffocation,” Nyamweya says. “Upwelling occurs at predictable times of the year but sometimes because of climate change and extreme weather conditions, these events happen at places and times we don’t expect.”

A fisher repairs his fishing net.A fisher repairs his fishing net at Achodho Beach in Kisumu County. Image by Calvin Rock Odhiambo for Mongabay.About half a kilometer across from Ogal Beach is Achuodho Beach. Shalton Omolo, a cage farmer who deals in tilapia, says he lost more than 4 million shillings ($32,000) to fish kills in November. He started ELSO farms in 2019; using proceeds from aquaculture, he invested in beekeeping and goat rearing, selling honey and goat meat to boost his income. Unlike Okomo, he is willing to talk about his experience of discovering dead fish in their cages. He speaks with passion, recalling the Friday it happened.

“We woke up very early, prepared to harvest because we had a lot of orders and clients were waiting for us in town and some were waiting for us at the beach,” Omolo says. “When we were about to arrive at the farm [fish cages] we were met by some funny smell, but we assumed everything was OK.”

Upon arrival, Omolo says, he and his assistants found thousands of fish floating in the water inside the cages. He was forced to call his customers, mostly hoteliers, informing them of what had happened. He had no option but to refund the money some of them had already paid.

“At first I thought it was foul play; I thought it was a human act because I had advertised and people [customers] were really waiting on their orders. I thought somebody might have poisoned the fish,” Omolo says. “I mostly deal with hotels and Fridays are good days because we are heading to the weekend so sales are really good and hotels want their fish supplied as early as possible — latest 7 a.m.”

Omolo says he later found out that other fish farmers in other areas of the lake had also been affected. He then realized the fish could have died from natural causes, although he remains skeptical.

Shalton Omolo steering his boat offshore.Shalton Omolo steering his boat offshore. Image by Calvin Rock Odhiambo for Mongabay.Things have not been easy for Omolo, who has two school-going children and siblings who depend on him. Even though he is slowly getting back on his feet, he says he is still burdened by the uncertainty of what the future holds.

“By the time I lost my fish, all the fish were ready for harvest and I had 80,000 pieces of fish [individual fish]. The total stock was amounting to 3 million shillings ($23,000); when the government did their calculation it was amounting to 4.6 million (just over $35,000) because of other factors left out during my calculation,” he says.

The cost of constructing a cage of 6-by-6-by-4 meters (20-by-20-by-13 feet) is about 400,000 shillings ($3,000), Omolo says, without factoring in the cost of fish fingerlings, which cost 4 shillings ($0.03) each. He also fed  the fish twice daily at a cost of 100,000 ($800) shillings per cage, until the fish were ready for market. At the time he lost the fish, he had 12 cages.

Ironically, aquaculture was introduced to Lake Victoria as a lucrative alternative to fish hunting while also solving the problem of dwindling fish volumes in the lake. However, with the losses farmers incurred, many are wondering whether it is worth the investment.

report published in the International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, which focuses on fish kills in Lake Naivasha in February 2010, notes that suffocation as a result of oxygen depletion is “often” the cause of fish kills. Further, the report highlights “natural causes” such as “climatic conditions that can lead to deoxygenation of the water, diseases, stress, toxic algae, thermal shock and salinity shock among other factors.”

Omolo's assistant and Omolo inspecting the fish nets.Omolo’s assistant and Omolo inspecting the fish nets. Image by Calvin Rock Odhiambo for Mongabay.Omolo, however, suspects there could be more to the fish kills than just “natural cause,” which, he says with skepticism, the scientists from KMFRI refer to as “an act of God.”

“Everybody knows what happened. Things like ‘natural phenomena,’ things like ‘upwelling,’ people are just trying to hang onto them — those are jargons to me but we know very well what really affected the lake and what is killing the fish,” Omolo says. “What is happening is: We are losing our fish due to the pollution in the lake.”

He points a finger at companies around the Lake Victoria Basin accused of discharging effluents into the lake. His sentiments are echoed by Okomo and Michael Nyaguti, an environmentalist based in Kisumu, both of whom blame the die-offs on pollution. According to them, a discoloration on some sections of the lake is clear evidence of pollution. Nyaguti describes the color as that of “strong [black] tea.”

In 2020, Chris Kiptoo, who was then principal secretary of environment and forestry, singled out institutions and industries complicit in polluting Lake Victoria to Kenya’s environment watchdog, the National Environment Management Authority (NEMA), saying that 102 companies from 14 counties were responsible. In March 2022, NEMA said it would shut down 13 facilities for discharging untreated effluent into the water. As of publication, NEMA has not responded to Mongabay’s request for comment and an update on the situation.

Nevertheless, Susan Adhiambo, the Kisumu County director of fisheries, is quick to dispute  the allegations that the November fish kills were caused by extensive pollution.

“If it was pollution, it would have happened in the whole lake. … These deaths were sporadic at specific points, and there is no evidence that there is pollution taking place at those points. So I cannot clearly say it was pollution without sound evidence to prove [it].”

Susan Adhiambo, the Kisumu County director of fisheries.Susan Adhiambo, the Kisumu County director of fisheries. Image by Calvin Rock Odhiambo for Mongabay.Fishermen gathering their catch early in the morning on Lake Victoria.Fishermen gathering their catch early in the morning on Lake Victoria. An industrial unit at the lake’s banks can be seen in the background. Image by Franklin Amulyoto via Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0).She backs upwelling as the cause of the fish kills as indicated by researchers and scientists from the government. “[Upwelling] can be predictable, but with climate change, there are so many changes … even temperature patterns are changing, so it is becoming unpredictable,” Adhiambo says.

She adds that not all regions of the lake are suitable for cage farming, and that overcrowding the lake with fish cages may contribute to pollution.

Like Adhiambo, Nyamweya says the fish cages were most likely set up in areas unsuitable for fish farming, and that could have been the greatest contributor to the fish kills. He says that while pollution may also cause reduced levels of oxygen in the lake, it is unlikely that it was the cause of the November 2022 fish kills as many more fish farms across the lake would have been affected.

“I can say for certain that these fish kills were as a result of overcrowding and being set up in unsuitable areas.”

Despite Nyamweya and Adhiambo’s stand, Nyaguti, who is the founder of Magnam Environmental Network, a pro-conservation community-based organization, says pollution is largely to blame.

Shalton shares a light moment with Michael Nyaguti.Shalton shares a light moment with Michael Nyaguti. Nyaguti runs a pro-conservation CBO called Magnum Environment Network. Image by Calvin Rock Odhiambo for Mongabay.“[T]hey were saying it is because of climate change issues and therefore they could not control it,” Nyaguti says, “but we still call for more research because much as we have water hyacinth rotting … we are aware that a lot of pollutants are still entering into the lake.”

At the moment, scientists can only present the most likely causes of the fish kills. It could have been a combination of many things, including drought, which, according to the report in the International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, also causes fish kills.

Nonetheless, fish farmers like Omolo and Okomo have suffered massive losses. Their hope is that the Kisumu county government, together with the national government, will implement the recommendations proposed by a task force investigating the fish kills — particularly, offering financial and psychosocial support to the affected farmers. Yet, more importantly, they say, scientists should conduct more research and come up with ways to prevent fish kills in the future — for this remains their greatest fear.

Mogabay

Continue Reading

Trending

Discover Dynamic News Coverage on Businessworld.co.ke Businessworld.co.ke is your go-to news platform for comprehensive insights into the movers and shakers shaping East Africa's landscape. As a leading platform in the region, businessworld.co.ke takes a hands-on approach to journalism, ensuring meticulous examination and extensive coverage of key players. At businessworld.co.ke, we prioritize the core principle of journalism: delivering the truth to our audience. With our unwavering dedication to quality journalism, the businessworld.co.ke brand is committed to global excellence, constantly adapting to the dynamic nature of the news cycle. Copyright © 2024